硼的地球化学性质及其在俯冲带的循环与成矿初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

林秋婷  陈晨  刘海洋 《岩石学报》2020,36(1):5-12

硼是广泛应用于化工、农业、材料科学及核工业领域的重要元素。硼与氢的核聚变反应是未来具备运用潜力的清洁能源。硼作为典型的亲石元素,是高度不相容元素。硼元素容易富集于蚀变洋壳及蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩中。而在板块俯冲过程中,由于硼具有强的流体活动性,会优先赋存于流体中。因此,当蛇纹石化的大洋岩石圈及覆于其上的沉积物在俯冲过程中发生脱水,这使得弧前地幔楔发生大规模的蛇纹石化。此时大量硼元素很可能随俯冲流体释放并封存于弧前地幔楔中。目前已发现的超大型硼矿床主要位于聚合型板块边缘,尤其土耳其拥有世界上最大的硼酸盐储量。我们推测这些矿床的形成基础条件之一可能与弧前高度蛇纹石化的地幔楔有关。尤其是在洋 陆俯冲环境,弧前蛇纹岩或蛇绿混杂岩首先通过俯冲侵蚀再循环到火山弧岩浆中,使得岩浆更富集硼。随后弧火山喷发大量富硼的火山岩、岩浆热液及水气。在岩浆冷却过程中,硼元素析出、沉淀于火山表面,并伴随风化、侵蚀过程汇聚至碰撞造山带的封闭湖盆之中。此外,干冷的气候条件下也进一步促进了硼的成矿。我国具有形成大型、超大型硼矿的地质条件,应加大研究及探勘力度,并适当购买硼作为战略储备。  相似文献   

内蒙古呼伦西白地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征及找矿标志     

胡二红  贺中银  张善明  吕新彪  阮班晓  赵鹏彬  孙浩  纪鹏飞  何世明  苏波  刘婷 《中国地质》2020,47(2):300-314

北山成矿带东缘的内蒙古呼伦西白地区近年来发现了多处铌稀土矿床(点),矿床(点)产于二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带上,矿体赋存于滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩内,其形态、产状、规模受构造-岩浆活动控制,并与磁异常对应,其中灰石山东北铌稀土矿区Nb2O5品位0.02%～0.56%、平均0.11%,REO品位0.13%～2.63%,平均0.93%,辉森乌拉西铌金矿区Nb2O5品位0.01%～0.1%,与白云鄂博Nb-REE-Fe超大型矿床特征类似,成矿潜力巨大。结合区域地质背景及铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征,初步认为区内该类型矿床的找矿标志为:二叠系滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩地层、构造挤压形成的虚脱空间或韧-脆性转换部位、二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带、放射性异常梯度带-磁异常位置、岩石蚀变(褐铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化等)和石英细网脉发育地段。对该地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征和找矿标志的研究有利于拓展北山地区三稀矿产的找矿思路,也可为此类矿产的找矿方向提供借鉴。  相似文献   

无定河下游全新世古洪水研究          下载免费PDF全文

李晓刚  黄春长  庞奖励 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):380-387

对无定河流域野外考察，在其下游苏家圪坨（SJGT）地点发现夹有古洪水滞流沉积物（SWD）的全新世剖面。古洪水SWD厚度30 cm，具有平行微薄层理特征，且直接覆盖在东汉文化层之上。室内分析结果表明古洪水SWD有着与2012年洪水SWD相似的沉积学特征，以粗粉沙为主，分选良好，磁化率和烧失量较小，说明它记录了一次无定河下游的大洪水事件。文化层光释光（OSL）测年结果显示该次古洪水事件发生在1 900~1 700 a BP。古洪水洪峰水位和洪峰流量分别为765.9 m和10 530 m³·s^-1。同时利用2012年洪水洪痕水位验证，在同一断面用相同参数恢复洪峰流量为1 030 m³·s^-1，实测洪峰流量为1 000 m³·s^-1，误差为3.09%，说明古洪水洪峰流量恢复结果合理可靠。研究结果延长了无定河下游洪水数据序列，对水资源、水能源的开发利用提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

穿透性地球化学勘查技术在隐伏砂岩型铀矿调查中的应用研究     

张必敏  王学求  徐善法  姚文生  迟清华  刘汉粮  韩志轩  柳青青  严桃桃  窦备  鲁岳鑫 《地球学报》2020,41(6):770-784

砂岩型铀矿是铀资源的一种重要矿床类型, 该类型铀矿一般形成于中新生代盆地当中, 常以盲矿、隐伏矿产出, 勘查难度较大。我国中新生代盆地面积广大, 因此寻找砂岩型铀矿的潜力巨大。目前, 砂岩型铀矿勘查主要以物探手段为主, 地球化学勘查手段未充分发挥其作用。本文在解释穿透性地球化学勘查技术铀矿勘查原理基础上, 重点列举了近几年在我国北方大型含铀盆地开展的技术试验和示范研究案列, 在此基础上对各种穿透性地球化学勘查方法进行了梳理。认为穿透性地球化学勘查技术在砂岩型铀矿勘查中可用于圈定远景区、靶区甚至定位矿体, 可在利用地物化综合信息找砂岩型矿中发挥其应有的作用。  相似文献   

东营凹陷史112区块沙三中亚段深水重力流体系精细刻画及在开发中的意义     

辛博  刘景彦  陈薪凯  马骁  仲昭 《现代地质》2020,34(2):321-332

深水重力流作为一种重要的、特殊类型的沉积体系,自发现以来就得到了学术界的广泛关注,并在油气勘探中日益受到重视。东营凹陷古近系沙三中段发育深水重力流体系,综合地震、岩心、测录井等资料,对郝家油田史112区块深水重力流体系的沉积类型、特征及在不同层序中的发育演化进行了精细刻画,总结了该区重力流沉积模式,为开发区储层预测提供重要参考。研究表明,本区深水重力流体系发育于三级层序的高位域,从下至上可划分出4个四级层序(SQQ^1-4),主要发育滑塌沉积、碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积3种成因类型,可识别出12种岩相组合。四级层序$\mathrm{SQQ}_{3}^{2}$时期重力流规模较小,$\mathrm{SQQ}_{3}^{3}$时期随着东营三角洲向湖盆中心推进,重力流规模扩大。滑塌沉积主要发育在三角洲前缘或前三角洲斜坡根部,在滑塌沉积前方形成碎屑流沉积,碎屑流向前搬运的过程中,逐渐转化成浊流沉积。三角洲前缘及前三角洲的浊流和碎屑流是开发井区进一步寻找储层的有利部位。  相似文献   

Ancient deep roots for Mesozoic world-class gold deposits in the north China craton:An integrated genetic perspective     

Cheng-Xue Yang  M.Santosh 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):203-214

The North China Craton(NCC)hosts some of the world-class gold deposits that formed more than 2 billion years after the major orogenic cycles and cratonization.The diverse models for the genesis of these deposits remain equivocal,and mostly focused on the craton margin examples,although synchronous deposits formed in the interior domains.Here we adopt an integrated geological and geophysical perspective to evaluate the possible factors that contributed to the formation of the major gold deposits in the NCC.In the Archean tectonic framework of the NCC,the locations of the major gold deposits fall within or adjacent to greenstone belts or the margins of micro-continents.In the Paleoproterozoic framework,they are markedly aligned along two major collisional sutures-the Trans North China Orogen and the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt.Since the Mesozoic intrusions hosting these deposits do not carry adequate signals for the source of gold,we explore the deep roots based on available geophysical data.We show that the gold deposits are preferentially distributed above zones of uplifted MOHO and shallow LAB corresponding to thinned crust and eroded sub-lithospheric mantle,and that the mineralization is located above regions of high heat flow representing mantle upwelling.The NCC was at the center of a multi-convergent regime during the Mesozoic which intensely churned the mantle and significantly en riched it.The geophysical data on Moho and LAB upwarp from the centre towards east of the craton is more consistent with paleo-Pacific slab subduction from the east exerting the dominant control on lithospheric thinning.Based on these results,and together with an evaluation of the geochemical and isotopic features of the Mesozoic magmatic intrusions hosting the gold mineralization,we propose a genetic model that invokes reworking of ancient Au archives preserved in the lower crust and metasomatised upper mantle and which were generated through multiple subduction,underplating and cumulation events associated with cratonization of the NCC as well as the subduction-collision of Yangtze Craton with the NCC.The heat and material input along zones of heterogeneously thinned lithosphere from a rising turbulent mantle triggered by Mesozoic convergent margins surrounding the craton aided in reworking the deep roots of the ancient Au reservoirs,leading to the major gold metallogeny along craton margins as well as in the interior of the NCC.  相似文献   

LA-ICP-MS in situ analyses of the pyrites in Dongyang gold deposit,Southeast China: Implications to the gold mineralization     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):230-246

The Dongyang gold deposit is a newly discovered epithermal deposit in Fujian Province, Southeast China, along the Circum-Pacific metallogenic belt. Herewith, the authors present mineralogical, scanning electron microscope, and laser ablation inductively coupled clasma mass spectrometry analysis to reveal the relations between Au and Te, As, S, Fe, etc., and discuss the gold precipitation process. The pyrites in this deposit are Fe-deficient, and are enriched in Te and As. The authors infer that As was mainly in form of As-complexes, and Te-Au-Ag inclusions/solid solution also exsits in the Py I. Along with the depletion of Te and As, they were less active chemically in the Py II, and Au may be incorporated into As-rich and Fe-deficient surface sites by chemisorption onto As-rich growth surfaces. Because of the incorporation of new fluid, Te and As became the most active chemically in the Py III, which was the main elements precipitation stage, and As dominantly substituted for S in the lattice of pyrite, due to the more reducing condition. The authors propose Au was in form of invisible gold, and the incorporation of gold can be considered as post-pyrite event, while the Au-bearing minerals were result of post incorporation of gold in arsenian pyrite.  相似文献   

A synthesis of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,NW China     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1271-1287

The northern Xinjiang region is one of the most significant iron metallogenic provinces in China.Iron deposits are found mainly within three regions:the Altay,western Tianshan,and eastern Tianshan orogenic belts.Previous studies have elaborated on the genesis of Fe deposits in the Altay orogenic belt and western Tianshan.However,the geological characteristics and mineralization history of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are still poorly understood.In this paper I describe the geological characteristics of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,and discuss their genetic types as well as metallogenic-tectonic settings,Iron deposits are preferentially distributed in central and southern parts of the eastern Tianshan.The known iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan show characteristics of magmatic Fe-Ti-V(e.g.,Weiya and Niumaoquan),sedimentary-metamorphic type(e.g.,Tianhu),and iron skarn(e.g.,Hongyuntan).In addition to the abovementioned iron deposits,many iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are hosted in submarine volcanic rocks with well-developed skarn mineral assemblages.Their geological characteristics and magnetite compositions suggest that they may belong to distal skarns.SIMS zircon U-Pb analyses suggest that the Fe-Ti oxide ores from Niumaoquan and Weiya deposits were formed at 307.7±1.3 Ma and 242.7±1.9 Ma,respectively.Combined with available isotopic age data,the timing of Fe mineralization in the eastern Tianshan can be divided into four broad intervals:Early Ordovician-Early Silurian(476-438 Ma),Carboniferous(335-303 Ma),Early Permian(295-282 Ma),and Triassic(ca.243 Ma).Each of these episodes corresponds to a period of subduction,post-collision,and intraplate tectonics during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic time.  相似文献   

广西宜州裂陷槽晚古生代演化与早石炭世沉积锰矿分布^*          下载免费PDF全文

黄恒  颜佳新  余文超 《古地理学报》2020,22(5):1001-1011

滇黔桂地区晚古生代浅水碳酸盐岩台地与深水硅泥质盆地共存的古地理格局,是在加里东期褶皱基底上发生裂陷及差异沉降而发展起来的。广西宜州—柳州一带既是晚古生代上扬子碳酸盐岩地台南缘1条重要的沉积相分界线,也是晚古生代桂中和桂北地层分区、古生代—中生代雪峰山南段构造体系和桂中坳陷构造体系的分界线。文中通过对宜山—柳州一带晚古生代地层的区域对比和成因分析,恢复了桂中宜山—柳州地区晚古生代沉积盆地的演化历史。狭长型宜州裂陷槽盆地西起丹池断裂,向东经龙头、北牙、宜州延伸至柳州。自中泥盆世开始,首先在东西两端开始裂陷下沉,至早石炭世发展成型。受北侧来自江南隆起带陆源碎屑物质充填影响,其表现为南北不对称并在早石炭世晚期被填平。在宜州裂陷槽内发育多处早石炭世沉积型碳酸锰矿,含矿地层分布、地层序列及其沉积背景明显与裂陷槽演化有关。它们既是盆地演化历史的见证,也体现了桂中地区裂陷海槽的特色,值得在后续锰矿成因研究中予以重视。  相似文献   

Effects of heavy metal pollution on farmland soils and crops: A case study of the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《China Geology》2020,3(3):402-410

This paper focuses on the heavy metal enrichment and heavy metal pollution degree associated with mining activities in some crops and the soils of different parent materials in the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt. According to the geochemical analysis results of the soils observed in the gold belt, the soils are most highly enriched in Pb, followed by Cr, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, they are relatively poor in Hg, Cd, and As. It is also shown that the heavy metals in all kinds of soils have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt. As for the crops (such as corn and wheat) in the gold belt, Zn and Cu are the most abundant elements, followed by Pb and Cr. Meanwhile, Hg, Cd, and As were found to have relatively low concentrations in the crops. The heavy metals in wheat and corn have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt in general. Compared to the aeolian loess soils and the crops therein, heavy metals are more enriched in diluvial and alluvial soils and the crops therein. As shown by relevant studies, the Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn pollution are mainly caused by mining activities. Corn and wheat in the gold belt have a high tendency of risk exposure to heavy metal pollution since they are mostly affected by mining activities and feature high background values of heavy metal concentrations. Furthermore, wheat is more liable to be enriched in heavy metals than corn is grown in all types of soils. The Hg pollution in soils leads to Hg accumulation, increasing the risk of Hg uptake in crops, and further affecting human health. This study will provide a scientific basis for the control and management of heavy metals in farmland soils of mining areas.  相似文献